Role of Football in International Business and Economy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52812/msbd.20Keywords:
Football, FIFA, World Cup, Sports, Economics, International Trade, International BusinessAbstract
Football events are one of the most significant sports events globally while football is one of the most popular sports. Thus, the football industry and football-related businesses plays an important role in trade and economy. In the current study key events and top associations and organizations of the football industry are identified, and their role beyond playing grounds is observed. Also, the role the football industry plays in the economic and financial developments of nations, brands and organizations and individuals is highlighted. A comprehensive chart has been drawn that presents a comprehensive structure of the global football industry and also identifies key sources of revenue and expenditures. The study is important for scholars interested in sports economics and sustainable economic development through sports.
References
Akerman, N. (2015). Bayern Munich, Adidas Agree to New '£650M' Kit Deal: Full Details and Comments, Bleacher Report, Retrieved from https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2447047-bayern-munich-adidas-agree-to-new-650m-kit-deal-full-details-and-comments
Ashby, K. (2014, May 28). Worldwide reach of the Lisbon Final 2014, UEFA, Retrieved from https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0250-0c510b7eb8f9-fbe1a8bb6fc2-1000--worldwide-reach-of-the-lisbon-final/?referrer=%2Fuefachampionsleague%2Fnews%2Fnewsid%3D2111684
BBC (2019). Manchester City replaces Nike with Puma in kit deal. BBC News, Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-47402439
BBC (2021), History of the BBC, BBC, Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/historyofthebbc/timelines/
BBC (2016, February 26). FIFA presidential election: Gianni Infantino succeeds Sepp Blatter. BBC, Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/35673743
Bob, U. & Potgieter, C. (2013). Mega-events and Tourism Impacts: Foreign Visitor Perceptions of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. Journal of Human Ecology. 43. 71-82. DOI: 10.1080/09709274.2013.11906613.
Cambridge Dictionary (2021). Definition of the transfer fee from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus, Retrieved from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/transfer-fee
Cooper, H. and Molloy, C. (2020, December 29). Almost 70% of the world's soccer balls are made in one city in Pakistan - here's what it's like inside one of the factories, Business Insider, Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/sialkot-pakistan-soccer-ball-factory-bola-gema-2020-12
Deloitte (2020). Annual Review of Football Finance 2020, Deloitte, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/uk/Documents/sports-business-group/deloitte-uk-annual-review-of-football-finance-2020.pdf
Duerden, J. (2019, March 9). Can European footballclubs' claims about Asian fanbases be believed? , The Guardian, Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/mar/09/european-clubs-asian-fans-premier-league-villarreal-china
Eurostat (2021). International trade in sporting goods. Eurostat, Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=International_trade_in_sporting_goods
FIFA (2001, April 03). Article FIFA Survey, approximately 250 million footballers worldwide. FIFA, Retrieved from: https://www.fifa.com/who-we-are/news/fifa-survey-approximately-250-million-footballers-worldwide-88048
FIFA (2011, May 31). FIFA Financial Report 2010. FIFA, Retrieved from https://resources.fifa.com/image/upload/fifa-financial-report-2010-1392046.pdf?cloudid=n4hhe0pvhfdhzxbbbp44
FIFA (2012, May 24). FIFA Financial Report 2011. FIFA, Retrieved from https://resources.fifa.com/image/upload/fifa-financial-report-2011-1608010.pdf?cloudid=xpxoiqe16w06ngjf67rp.
FIFA (2013a). History of the FIFA World Cup Preliminary Competition (by year). FIFA, Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20131023161459/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompwc/51/97/75/fs-201_19a_fwc-prel-history.pdf
FIFA (2013b). FIFA and Adidas extend partnership until 2030. FIFA, Retrieved from https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/fifa-and-adidas-extend-partnership-until-2030-2227271
FIFA (2013c, May 31). FIFA Financial Report 2012, FIFA, Retrieved from https://resources.fifa.com/image/upload/fifa-financial-report-2012-2039462.pdf?cloudid=kjichsqlvvjr43yyb1au
FIFA (2014, June 10). FIFA Financial Report 2013, FIFA, Retrieved from https://resources.fifa.com/image/upload/fifa-financial-report-2013-2301207.pdf?cloudid=jjxjmvpbtsxxisqd8acb.
FIFA (2015, May 31). FIFA Financial Report 2014, FIFA, Retrieved from https://img.fifa.com/image/upload/e4e5lkxrbqvgscxgjnhx.pdf
FIFA (2018a). 7.7 Million football fans visit FIFA Fan Fest during Russia 2018, FIFA, https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/7-7-million-football-fans-visit-fifa-fan-fest-during-russia-2018
FIFA (2018b, June 13). Canada, Mexico and USA selected as hosts of the 2026 FIFA World Cup™, FIFA, Retrieved from https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/fifaworldcup2026/news/canada-mexico-and-usa-selected-as-hosts-of-the-2026-fifa-world-cuptm
FIFA (2018c). More than half the world watched record-breaking 2018 World Cup. FIFA, Retrieved from https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/more-than-half-the-world-watched-record-breaking-2018-world-cup
FIFA (2019, May 15). FIFA Financial Report 2018, FIFA, Retrieved from https://resources.fifa.com/image/upload/fifa-financial-report-2018.pdf?cloudid=xzshsoe2ayttyquuxhq0
FIFA (2020, September 18). FIFA Annual Report 2019, FIFA, Retrieved from https://img.fifa.com/image/upload/ksndm8om7duu5h8qxlpn.pdf
FIFA (2021a). 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia Awards, FIFA, Retrieved from https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/russia2018/awards/
FIFA (2021b). FIFA sponsorship and partner Adidas, FIFA, Retrieved from https://www.fifa.com/what-we-do/marketing/sponsorship/partners/adidas
FIFA (2021c). FIFA'sMen's ranking by country. FIFA. https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/ranking-table/men/
FIFA (2021d, March 19). 2020 financial statements, FIFA, Retrieved from https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/5e974064dbb24433/original/FIFA_2020-financial-statements.pdf
FIFA (2021e). FIFA World Cup Timeline, Retrieved from https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/
FIFA (2021f). Member associations of FIFA, FIFA, retrieved from https://www.fifa.com/associations/
FIFA (2021g). Official balls of the FIFA World Cup, FIFA, Retrieved from https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/photos/galleries/alle-spielballe-1143504#telstar-official-match-ball-the-1970-fifa-world-cuptm-photo-adidas-1143467
Forbes (2021a). Soccer team Valuations, Barcelona. Forbes, Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/teams/barcelona/?sh=706020d91d9b
Forbes (2021b). Soccer team Valuations, Real Madrid. Forbes, Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/teams/real-madrid/?sh=6372064c6ed4
Forbes (2021c). The list of most valuable football clubs by Forbes. Forbes, Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/soccer-valuations/list/#tab:overall
Fraser, D. (2021). Most lucrative shirt sponsorships in football with Man Utd falling below Real Madrid after £235m TeamViewer deal. The Sun, Retrieved from https://www.thesun.co.uk/sport/football/14393595/man-utd-fall-lucrative-shirt-sponsors-teamviewer/
Gásquez, R., & Royuela, V. (2014). Is Football an Indicator of Development at the International Level?. Social Indicators Research, 117, 827–848 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0368-x
Goal (2021, February 13). Which football teams have the most fans, Goal.com, Retrieved from https://www.goal.com/en/news/which-football-teams-have-most-fans/1qmg4j3457wvh1kxkb7qbdo7qn
Gopinath, G. (2020). The Great Lockdown: Worst Economic Downturn Since the Great Depression, IMF, Retrieved from: https://blogs.imf.org/2020/04/14/the-great-lockdown-worst-economic-downturn-since-the-great-depression/
Guinness World Records. (2021). The Largest attendance at a football match. Guinness World Records, Retrieved from https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/64307-largest-attendance-at-a-football-match
Hayward, B. (2017, August 2). Neymar to PSG: How much will he earn, transfer fee, contract length and full Barcelona exit details. Goal.com, Retrieved from https://www.goal.com/en/news/neymar-to-psg-how-much-will-he-earn-transfer-fee-contract-length-/cosb1yh848ew1ergqy3zy562d
Horky, T. (2020). No sports, no spectators – no media, no money? The importance of spectators and broadcasting for professional sports during COVID-19, Soccer & Society. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2020.1790358
Javed, S.A., Bo, Y., Tao, L., & Dong, W. (2021). The ‘Dual Circulation’ Development Model of China: Background and Insights. Rajagiri Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAMJ-03-2021-0016
Johnson, J. (2019). PSG seal record €80m per year Nike kit deal. ESPN, Retrieved from https://www.espn.com/soccer/paris-saint-germain/story/3887581/psg-seal-record-80m-per-year-nike-kit-deal
Khan, H. (2020). Pakistan is the largest exporter of footballs but the game struggles for popularity within its borders. Sport360, Retrieved from https://sport360.com/article/football/343709/pakistan-is-the-largest-exporter-of-footballs-but-the-game-struggles-for-popularity-within-its-borders
Lanfranchi, P., & Taylor, M. (2001). Moving with the Ball: The Migration of Professional Footballers. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.39-4035
Lange, D. (2020). A number of foreign owners of top division football clubs in Europe in 2018, by origin. Statista, Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/894012/foreign-ownership-of-football-clubs-europe-by-origin/
Manzenreiter, W. & Horne, J. (2018). The Palgrave International Handbook of Football and Politics, 639. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78777-0_32
Mendoza, R.G. (2017). Football and economy relations at the international level. Universitat de Barcelona, Retrieved from https://www.ub.edu/school-economics/recent_thesis/football-economy-relations-international-level/
Metro (2020).Liverpool's new Nike kit deal could be record-breaking and worth triple what New Balance brought in. Metro, Retrieved from https://metro.co.uk/2020/01/09/liverpools-new-nike-kit-deal-record-breaking-worth-triple-new-balance-brought-12033419/
Meurer, R., & Lins, H. N. (2017). The effects of the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games on Brazilian international travel receipts. Tourism Economics, 24(4), 486–491. doi:10.1177/1354816617746261
Naz, F., & Bögenhold, D. (2020). Understanding labour processes in global production networks: a case study of the football industry in Pakistan. Globalizations, 1–18. doi:10.1080/14747731.2019.1708658
Onwumechili, C., & Bedeau, K. (2016). Analysis of FIFA's Attempt at Image Repair. Communication & Sport, 5(4), 407–427. doi:10.1177/2167479516633843
Ozanian, B. (2021). TheWorld's Most Valuable Soccer Teams: Barcelona Edges Real Madrid To Land At No. 1 For First Time. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2021/04/12/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion/?sh=70ab673116ac
Premier League (2019a). Premier League 2018/2019 season, match week 38 table. Premier League, Retrieved from https://www.premierleague.com/matchweek/3297/table
Premier League (2019b). Premier League value of central payments to clubs 2018/19, Premier League, Retrieved from https://www.premierleague.com/news/1225126
Premier League (2021a). Solidarity- What the Premier League does. Premier League, Retrieved from https://www.premierleague.com/about/solidarity
Premier League (2021b). Economic Impact. Premier League, Retrieved from https://www.premierleague.com/this-is-pl/the-premier-league/686502
Reuters (2015, June 10). Dutch FA reviewing 1996 sponsorship deal with Nike, Reuters, Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/soccer-fifa-netherlands/dutch-fa-reviewing-1996-sponsorship-deal-with-nike-idINKBN0OQ1HQ20150610
Reuters (2018). Arsenal sign new kit deal with Adidas, Reuters, Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-england-ars-adidas-idUKKCN1MI11R
Reuters (2019a). Adidas extends sponsorship of Real Madrid until 2028, Reuters, Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/adidas-realmadrid-idINL5N22K7UZ
Reuters (2019b). Factbox: Ownership of leading European soccer clubs, Reuters, Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-soccer-italy-as-roma-ownership-factbo-idUSKBN1YY0M8
Sabanoglu, T. (2021). Global revenue of Adidas, Nike and Puma from 2006 to 2020, Statista.com, Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/269599/net-sales-of-adidas-and-puma-worldwide/
Shergold, A. (2018). Juventus agree new deal with kit makers Adidas worth £46m-a-season over eight years from 2019 as promotional video features Paul Pogba celebration. Daily Mail, Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-6521097/Juventus-agree-new-deal-kit-makers-Adidas-worth-46m-season.html
Simon, G., Tom, B., & Paul, S. (2019). The FIFA. In: Routledge Handbook of Football Business and Management. ISBN 9780367732462.
Skysports (2016). Barcelona confirm record kit deal with Nike, Sky Sports, Retrieved from https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11833/10637904/barcelona-confirm-record-kit-deal-with-nike
Statista (2020). Number of football jerseys sold worldwide in 2018/2019, by team, Statista, Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1118294/football-shirt-sales-by-club/
Tanveer, M., Rizvi, S., & Riaz, W. (2012). Declining market share of Pakistan in football industry. Asian Journal of Business and management, 1, 33-42. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/3320150/Declining_Market_Share_of_Pakistan_in_Football_Industry
TransferMarkt (2021a). FC Barcelona Cup History, TransferMarkt, Retrieved from https://www.transfermarkt.com/fc-barcelona/pokalhistorie/verein/131
TransferMarkt (2021b). Real Madrid CF Cup History, TransferMarkt, Retrieved from https://www.transfermarkt.com/real-madrid/pokalhistorie/verein/418
UEFA (2012). UEFA Financial Report 2010/11, UEFA. Retrieved from: https://editorial.uefa.com/resources/01fb-0f8427c6b6d1-88b2906473d7-1000/2010_11_uefa_financial_report.pdf
UEFA (2013). UEFA Financial Report 2011/12, UEFA. Retrieved from: https://editorial.uefa.com/resources/0209-0f842880392a-443b7b0c4912-1000/2011_12_uefa_financial_report.pdf
UEFA (2014). UEFA Financial Report 2012/13, UEFA. Retrieved from: https://editorial.uefa.com/resources/0213-0f84291f5842-9d380fbc43b1-1000/2012_13_uefa_financial_report.pdf
UEFA (2015). UEFA Financial Report 2013/14, UEFA. Retrieved from: https://editorial.uefa.com/resources/021f-0f842a4fd845-c75e4279ec1b-1000/2013_14_uefa_financial_report.pdf
UEFA (2016). UEFA Financial Report 2014/15, UEFA. Retrieved from: https://editorial.uefa.com/resources/022a-0f842b4cdb03-aae56cb6f120-1000/2014_15_uefa_financial_report.pdf
UEFA (2017). UEFA Financial Report 2015/16, UEFA. Retrieved from: https://editorial.uefa.com/resources/0238-0f842c842efc-3e95e7aaf3d9-1000/2015_16_uefa_financial_report.pdf
UEFA (2018a). UEFA Financial Report 2016/17, UEFA. Retrieved from: https://editorial.uefa.com/resources/0242-0f842d5e003a-4e3672bf50c5-1000/2016_17_uefa_financial_report.pdf
UEFA (2018b). UEFA Financial Report 2017/18, UEFA. Retrieved from: https://editorial.uefa.com/resources/024e-0f842e7cd20b-39675a5dd261-1000/2017_18_uefa_financial_report.pdf
UEFA (2019). UEFA Financial Report 2018/19, UEFA. Retrieved from: https://editorial.uefa.com/resources/025a-0f8430656913-10ccbab24e1d-1000/2018_19_uefa_financial_report.pdf
UEFA (2021a). Champions League History, UEFA. Retrieved from: https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/
UEFA (2021b). President & Executive Committee annual reports, UEFA. Retrieved from: https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/documentlibrary/about-uefa/presidentexcoreports/
UEFA (2021c). The UEFA return to play protocol, UEFA. Retrieved from https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/about-uefa/news/0265-114289c53314-947427af4d25-1000--the-uefa-return-to-play-protocol/?iv=true
Vierhaus, C. (2018). The international tourism effect of hosting the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup. Tourism Economics,135481661881432. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816618814329
Wilson, B. (2014). Manchester United and Adidas in £750m deal over 10 years, BBC News, Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-28282444
Wilson, B. (2016). Chelsea signs record-breaking £900m Nike kit deal, BBC News, Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-37652612
World Bank (2021). GDP current (US$), All countries and Economies, World Bank, Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?most_recent_value_desc=false
Youtube (2021). FC Barcelona, Channels. Youtube, https://www.youtube.com/c/FCBarcelona/channels
.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Science Insight
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: The work is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is properly attributed.
