Statistical and Grey Forecasting of the Inbound Tourism to Malawi

Authors

  • Ethel Matambo Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology image/svg+xml
  • Matthews Nyasulu Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology image/svg+xml

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52812/ijgs.48

Keywords:

Tourism industry, Grey forecast, linear regression, Republic of Malawi, Grey model

Abstract

Tourism is one of the fastest growing and complex industries in Malawi. This article is aimed at forecasting the future pattern of the tourism industry in Malawi from the year 2018 to 2028. The study has employed grey forecasting model EGM (1, 1, α, θ) to predict the future pattern of tourism based on the initial data sets sourced from the data base of the World Data over Malawi. The findings of this study showed that the grey forecasting model EGM (1, 1, α, θ) performed well in forecasting the future pattern of tourism by comparing with the linear regression and exponential regression. The forecast has revealed that the tourism industry will grow with an average of 20.84% by the year 2028 based on the current conditions. Following the present findings, the tourism industry should therefore continue improving the current conditions in order to attract more tourists. Furthermore, the industry should continue to supply tourism products and services that can satisfy the increasing demand of the international travel experiences as well as the future growing number such as constructing more standard hotels, proper transportation and communication.

 

References

ADB. (2013). Malawi Country Strategy Paper 2013-2017. African Development Bank. https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/2013-2017%20-%20Malawi%20-%20Country%20Strategy%20Paper.pdf.

Bello, F. G., Lovelock, B., & Carr, N. (2014). Malawi, tourism. In: Jafari, J., Xiao, H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Tourism. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_658-1.

Bello, F. G., Lovelock, B., & Carr, N. (2018). Enhancing community participation in tourism planning associated with protected areas in developing countries: Lessons from Malawi. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 18(3), 309–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358416647763.

Bhatia, A. K. (1982). Tourism Development: Principles and Practices. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers.

Bunghez, C. L. (2015). The importance of tourism to a destination’s economy. Proceedings of the 26th International Business Information Management Association Conference - Innovation Management and Sustainable Economic Competitive Advantage: From Regional Development to Global Growth, IBIMA 2015, 2016, 240–247. https://doi.org/10.5171/2016.143495

Carboni, O.A., & Russu, P. (2014). Measuring Environmental and Economic Efficiency in Italy: An Application of the Malmquist-DEA and Grey Forecasting Model. CRENoS, WP. https://crenos.unica.it/crenos/sites/default/files/WP14_01.pdf.

Deng, J. (1982). Control problems of grey systems. Systems and Control Letters, 1(5), 288-294.

Goh, C., & Law, R. (2011). The methodological progress of tourism demand forecasting: A review of related literature. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 28(3), 296–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2011.562856.

Guan, B., Silva, E. S., Hassani, H., & Heravi, S. (2022). Forecasting tourism growth with State-Dependent Models. Annals of Tourism Research, 94, 103385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2022.103385.

Javed, S. A., & Cudjoe, D. (2022). A novel Grey Forecasting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from four Industries of China and India. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 29, 777-790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.11.017

Javed, S. A., Zhu, B., & Liu S. (2020b). Forecast of Biofuel Production and Consumption in Top CO2 Emitting Countries using a novel grey model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 276, 123977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123997

Javed, S.A., Ikram, M., Tao, L., & Liu, S. (2020a). Forecasting Key Indicators of China’s Inbound and Outbound Tourism: Optimistic-Pessimistic Method. Grey Systems: Theory and Application, 11(2), 265-287. https://doi.org/10.1108/GS-12-2019-0064

Kharipzhanova, A., & Irfan, M. (2022). Evaluation of Barriers to Gilgit Baltistan’s Travel & Tourism Industry: Pakistani Youth’s Perception. Management Science and Business Decisions, 2(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.52812/msbd.39

Knoema. (2022a). Malawi - Contribution of travel and tourism to GDP as a share of GDP.https://knoema.com/atlas/Malawi/topics/Tourism/Travel-and-Tourism-TotalContribution-to-GDP/Contribution-of-travel-and-tourism-to-GDP-percent-of-GDP.

Knoema. (2022b). Malawi. Knoema. https://knoema.com/atlas/Malawi/topics/Tourism

Laksito, I. Y., & Yudiarta, I. G. A. (2021). Grey Forecasting of Inbound Tourism to Bali and Financial Loses from the COVID-19. International Journal of Grey Systems, 1(1), 48-57. https://doi.org/10.52812/ijgs.17.

MRA. (2022). Incentives for the tourism sector. Malawi Revenue Authority. https://www.mra.mw/tax-update/incentives-for-the-tourism-sector

Priestley, M. (1980). Prediction based on a general class of non-linear models. Technical report no. 126. Department of Mathematics, UMIST.

Saluja, V., Anand, S., Kumar, H., & Peng, J. (2022). The perceived impact of tourism development and sustainable strategies for residents of Varkala, South India. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 10(2), 184–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2022.03.003

Septyari, F. M. (2021). Grey Forecasting of the Exports of Indonesian Palm Oil to India. International Journal of Grey Systems, 1(2), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.52812/ijgs.23

Song, H., Qiu, R. T. R., & Park, J. (2019). A review of research on tourism demand forecasting: Launching the Annals ofTourism Research Curated Collection on tourism demand forecasting. Annals of Tourism Research, 75, 338–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2018.12.001

Tian, X., Wu, W., Ma, X., & Zhang, P. (2021). A new information priority accumulated grey model with hyperbolic sinusoidal term and its applications. International Journal of Grey Systems, 1(2), 5-19. https://doi.org/10.52812/ijgs.27

Wu, W., Ma, X., Zhang, H., Tian, X., Zhang, G., & Zhang, P. (2022). A Conformable Fractional Discrete Grey Model CFDGM (1,1) and its Application. International Journal of Grey Systems, 2(1), 5-15. https://doi.org/10.52812/ijgs.36

Zhang, H., Song, H., Wen, L., & Liu, C. (2021). Forecasting tourism recovery amid COVID-19. Annals of Tourism Research, 87, 103–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103149

.

Downloads

Published

2022-12-25

How to Cite

Matambo, E., & Nyasulu, M. (2022). Statistical and Grey Forecasting of the Inbound Tourism to Malawi. International Journal of Grey Systems, 2(2), 5–12. https://doi.org/10.52812/ijgs.48

Issue

Section

Articles